![\"basic](\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/features_solutions_command_data.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nkillall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
stop a process by name
e.g. killall no respond
(terminate process no respond)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
last<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show most recently logged-in users
e.g. last
(list recent users\u2019 date, time\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lastb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show bad login attempts
e.g. lastb
(display bad login attempts)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lastlog<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
display the last login information
e.g. lastlog -u username
(-u: specify a user)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
less<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show contents page by page
e.g. less myfile.txt
(display myfile.txt page by page)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
let<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
perform arithmetic on shell variables
e.g. let a=12; let a=a+8; echo $a
(output: 20)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
link<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
create a link to a file.
e.g. link file1.txt file2.txt
(create a link from file1 to file2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ln<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
create a hard link to a file
e.g. ~\/myfile.txt
(create a hard link to myfile.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ln -s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
create a link between two files
e.g. ln -s file1.txt file2.txt
(create a symbolic link to file1\/file2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
locate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
find the location of a file or a directory
e.g. locate myfile.txt
(locate myfile.txt on local machine)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
logname<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the current user\u2019s login name
e.g. logname
(display the login name of user)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
look<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show words matching a given prefix
e.g. look ab
(output: aba, abb, abc, abd\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lpc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
run the line printer control program
e.g. lpc status
(show status of current print queue)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lpq<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the printer queue status
e.g. lpq
(list the print queue)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lpr<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
send a print request to printer
e.g. lpr myfile.txt
(send myfile.txt to printer)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lprm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
cancel the printing job in print queue
e.g. lprm 2
(remove printing job 2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list the contents of current directory
e.g. ls
(list files and sub-directories)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -l<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
long list contents of current directory
e.g. ls -l
(-l:long lists including permissions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
lists all entries including hidden files
e.g. ls -a
(-a: show all files)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
lists all entries by time stamps
e.g. ls -t
(-t: show by time stamps)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ls -lh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
lists contents in current directory
e.g. ls -lh
(-lh: list files with size in mb and gb. )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lsattr<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list the attribute of a file or a directory
e.g. lsattr myfile.txt
(show myfile.txt attribute)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
lsof<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list opened files
e.g. lsof
(list all opened files)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
get command help from manual
e.g. man cat
(show manual page for cat)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
man -k<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
search manual pages for keyword
e.g. man \u2013k printf
(-k: specify a keyword)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
md5sum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
create a md5 checksum number
e.g. md5sum -c file.txt
(-c validate file against a checksum)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mesg<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
enable or disable messaging
e.g. mesg
(show the current write status)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mesg y\/n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
enable or disable messaging
e.g. mesg y\/n
(y or n: permit or deny messaging)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
send and receive mails
e.g. mail ray@websprogram.com
(email to ray@websprogram.com)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mkdir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
make a new directory
e.g. mkdir mydir
(create a directory named mydir)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mknod<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
make a device file
e.g. mknod \/dev\/dk b 45 0
(dk:device; b:block; 45:major no.; 0:minor no.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
more<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show content one screen at one time
e.g. more +2 myfile.txt
(+2: beginning at line 2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
mount a storage device
e.g. mount \/dev\/cd
(mount a device cd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mount -l<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
mount or show devices
e.g. mount -l
(-l: list all mounted devices)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
magnetic tape drive control
e.g. mt -f \/dev\/tape eod
(-f select eod; move to end of data)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mv<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
move a file to another directory
e.g. mv myfile.txt \/home\/user\/mydir
(move myfile.txt to mydir directory)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
mv<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
rename a file
e.g. mv myfile1.txt myfile2.txt
(rename mayfile1 to myfile2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
netstat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
display network status
e.g. netstat
( print network connections, routing tables.etc )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nice *<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
set the priority level of a job
e.g. nice -19 ftp
(set priority level as 19 for ftp)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
add text with number lines
e.g. nl mylist.txt
(make number lines for mylist.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nohup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
ignore hangup signals
e.g. nohup find ftp
(run ftp ignoring hangup signals)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
nslookup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
query internet name servers for IP
e.g. nslookup myxxexample.com
(return IP like 75.126.162.XXX)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
passwd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
modify a user password
e.g. passwd username
(change password for username)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
paste<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
merge lines of multiple files
e.g. paste file1.txt file2.txt
(merge contents for file1 and file2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pidof<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show process ID of running program
e.g. pidof console
(display console\u2019s process id)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ping<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
send data to a host, await response
e.g. ping xvxmjfz.com
(test if remote host can be reached)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ping -c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
test if remote host can be reached
e.g. ping \u2013c5 xvxmjfz.com
(-c5: specify the number of pings)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pkill<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
kill a running process
e.g. pkill firefox
(stop web browser firefox)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pr<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
prepare text files for printing
e.g. pr myfile.txt
(prepare myfile.txt for printing)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pr -n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
prepare text files for printing
e.g. pr \u2013n myfile.txt
(-n: specify number in each line)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pr -h<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
prepare text files for printing
e.g. pr \u2013h \u201cGood\u201d myfile.txt
(-h: specify a header)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
printenv<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the environment variables
e.g. printenv
(list values of environment variables)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
printf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
format and print data
e.g. printf “start\\b”
(\\b: backspace output: star)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
printf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
format and print data
e.g. printf ‘hello \\n world \\n !’
(\\n: prints by newlines. output 3 lines)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ps -f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the process status
e.g. ps -f
(-f full information of current process)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ps -u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the process status
e.g. ps -u ray
(-u specify a user\u2019s current process)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pstree<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
displays process in tree structure
e.g. pstree
(show all process as a tree)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pwd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
print working directory
e.g. pwd
(display current directory)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rcp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remotely copy file between two hosts
e.g. rcp file.txt host2:\/dir2\/file.txt
(remotely copy file.txt to host2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
read<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
read a line from standard input
e.g. read name (input ray)
echo \u201c$name\u201d (output ray)<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
reboot*<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
restart the system
e.g. reboot
(cause the computer to restart)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
renice *<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
change the priority level of a job
e.g. renice 3 23001
(set priority level as 3 for job 23001)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
restore<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
restores data from the backup file
e.g. restore -f databackup
(-f:specify a backup file)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rlogin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remotely login to a system
e.g. rlogin -l username domain.com
(-l: specify a username)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remove one or more files
e.g. rm myfile.txt
(remove myfile.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -r<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remove non-empty directory
e.g. rm -r \/NonEmptyDir
(-r: remove directory and its content)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rm -i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remove non-empty directory or a file
e.g. rm -i myfile.txt
(-i: ask before removing)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rmdir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remove empty directory
e.g. rmdir \/emptydir
(delete directory without contents)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
route<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show or modify the IP routing table
e.g. route -n
(-n: show in numerical format)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
rsync<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remotely synchronize files
e.g. rsync myfile host2:\/dir2\/myfile
(sync. myfile with remote host2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
scp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
securely copy files amid two hosts
e.g. scp file.txt host2:\/dir2\/file.txt
(securely copy file to remote host2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
screen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
open the terminal window manager
e.g. screen
(start a new screen)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sdiff<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show two files\u2019 difference side by side
e.g. sdiff myfile1.txt myfile2.txt
(compare two files side by side)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
filter and transform input text
e.g. sed \u201c{print $3}\u201d myfile.txt
(display the third word of each line)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
seq<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list sequent numbers in given range
e.g. seq 1 8
(output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
seq -w<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list sequent numbers in given range
e.g. seq \u2013w 1 3
(-w: with zeros output: 01 02 03 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
seq<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list sequent numbers in given range
e.g. seq \u2013s| 1 3
(-s: with separators output: 1| 2 |3 )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
set<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
set shell variable or function
e.g. set n=who am i<\/code>; echo $n
(output: who am i)<\/p>\n\n\n\nsftp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
securely transfer files by ftp
e.g. sftp SeverURL
(securely transfer files to a Server)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shopt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the shell option settings
e.g. shopt
(show the shell behavior settings)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown *<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
close system
e.g. shutdown 22:00
(shut down at 22:00 o\u2019clock)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown-h<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
close system
e.g. shutdown \u2013h +5
(-h+5: halt after 5 minutes)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
shutdown -r<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
shutdown and restart
e.g. shutdown -r now
(-r:shut down and instantly restart)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sleep<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
pause for a specified amount of time
e.g. sleep 10
(pause for 10 seconds)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sort<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show sorted contents alphabetically
e.g. sort -r myfile.txt
(-r sort file in reverse order)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
split -b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
split a file to some files in given size
e.g. split -b 11 file.txt
(split file to some 11 byte files named xaa,xab,xac, etc.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
split -l<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
split a file to some files in given size
e.g. split -l 8 file.txt
(split file to some 8 line files named xaa,xab,xac, etc.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ssh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
login to remote secure shell
e.g. ssh ray@myexample.com
(securely connect to a remote host)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ssh -l<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
login to remote secure shell
e.g. ssh -l username hostname
(-l specify your remote username)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
stat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list status about file size, access, etc.
e.g. stat myfile.txt
(show myfile.txt statistics)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
su<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
switch user
e.g. su user2
(switch user named user2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
su -l<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
login as a root super user
e.g. su \u2013l
(-l:enter password, login root account )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo -u<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
execute a command as another user
e.g. sudo -u user2 ls \/home\/mydir
(-u: specify user2 to execute ls cmd)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo -v<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
refresh the authentication timeout
e.g. sudo -v
(next sudo will not require password.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sudo -k<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
expire the authentication timeout
e.g. sudo -k
(next sudo will require password.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
summarize a file with a checksum
e.g. sum myfile.txt
(create a checksum for myfile.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
suspend<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
suspend the working shell
e.g. suspend
(pause system during execution)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
sync<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
synchronize disk data with memory
e.g. sync
(flush all file system buffers to disk)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
display lines of a file in reverse order
e.g. tac myfile.txt
(print file from last line to first line)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the final part of a file
e.g. tail -n 20 file.txt
(-n20:output last 20 lines of file.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
talk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
communicate with another user
e.g. talk ray
(talk to user ray)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -xf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
extract an archived tar file
e.g. tar -xf archive.tar
(-xf: extract an archive tar file)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tar -cf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
create an archived tar file
e.g. tar -cf archive.tar
(-cf: create an archive tar file)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tee<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
print standard output, write to a file
e.g. sort file1.txt | tee file2.txt
(sort file1.txt and write to file2.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tee -a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
print standard output, write to a file
e.g. sort file1.txt | tee \u2013a file2.txt
(-a: append instead of overwrite)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
calculate a boolean expression
e.g. [ 8 -gt 6 ]; echo $?
(output: 0 0:true; 1:false)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
calculate a boolean expression
e.g. [ 5 -eq 6 ]; echo $?
(output: 1 0:true; 1:false)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
time<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the time taken to run a program
e.g. time ftp
(display the time taken to execute ftp)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
times<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the uptime of sell
e.g. times
(display the system uptime)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tload<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show a graphic report of system load
e.g. tload
(show the current system load average to a specified process)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
top<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list the top active or specified process
e.g. top -p pid
(-p:display specific process by pid)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
touch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
update timestamp for an existing file
e.g. touch myfile.txt
(modify myfile.txt to the current time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
touch -t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
update timestamp for an existing file
e.g. touch \u2013t myfile.txt
(-t: specify a time)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tr<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
translates sets of characters
e.g. echo apple | tr \u201capple\u201d \u201cbanana\u201d
(output: banana)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
traceroute*<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
trace the route to a host
e.g. traceroute xvauhdhxv.com
(trace packets route to another host)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
trap<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
run a command on receiving a signal
e.g. trap
(display the current signal traps)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tree -p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list directory contents in tree format
e.g. tree \u2013p
(-p: also show the file permissions)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
tty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the name of the terminal device
e.g. tty
(show the terminal filename)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
type<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
detect the type of a command
e.g. type wait
(output: wait is a shell builtin)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ulimit -a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
limit user resources
e.g. ulimit -a
(-a:display all limits for the system)<\/p>\n\n\n\n![\"linux](\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-2.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\numask<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show or set the file permission value
e.g. umask 0022
(allow user read, write privileges and all others to read)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
umask<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show or set the file permission value
e.g. umask 0002
(allow group read, write privileges and all others to read)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
umask<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show or set the file permission value
e.g. umask 0077
(allow user read, write privileges and no for others)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
umount<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
unmount a device or filesystem
e.g. umount \/dev\/dvd
( unmount a device DVD )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unalias<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remove an alias
e.g. unalias aliasname
( delete a specified alias)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
uname -a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the current system information
e.g. uname -a
( -a: display all information)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
uname -n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the current system information
e.g. uname -n
( -n: display the host name)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unexpand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
convert spaces into tabs
e.g. unexpand myfile.txt
(convert spaces to tabs for myfile.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
uniq<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
filter out repeated lines in a file
e.g. uniq myfile.txt
(show unique line in myfile.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unset<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
remove shell variable or function
e.g. unset var
(delete a variable)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unzip<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
uncompress files from zip format
e.g. unzip archive.zip
(uncompress file from archive.zip)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
uptime<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show system uptime
e.g. uptime
(display system uptime)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
useradd *<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
add a new user account
e.g. useradd username
(create a user account)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
useradd* -d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
display default value for new users
e.g. useradd -d
(show default data for a new user)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
userdel *<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
delete an existing user account
e.g. userdel username
(remove a user account)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
usermod* -d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
modify home directory
e.g. usermod -d \/home\/mydir andy
(-d: specify home directory for andy.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
usermod * -l<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
modify an existing user account
e.g. usermod -l oldname newname
(-l: login name change)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
usermod * -p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
modify an existing user account
e.g. usermod -p password username
(-p:modify password of a user)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
users<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
display current logged-in users
e.g. users
(list users currently logged in)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vdir<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
verbosely show directory contents
e.g. vdir
(vdir just like ls, but more verbose)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
open the vi text editor
e.g. vi filename
(open a file with vi text editor)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
vmstat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
report virtual memory statistics\u2026
e.g. vmstat
(also report swap, disk i\/o devices\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
w<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list current processes for each users
e.g. w username
(show the user\u2019s process)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
w -s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list current processes by summary
e.g. w -s
(-s: show a summary of shell process)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wait<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
wait for a process to change state
e.g. wait 10788
(wait for 10788 to change state)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
watch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
execute a command periodically
e.g. watch \u2013n 5 date
(-n5:update date every 5 seconds)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show word count, line count, etc
e.g. wc myfile.txt
(list word, line count\u2026 for myfile.txt)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wc -c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show word count, line count, etc
e.g. wc \u2013c myfile.txt
(-c: show the byte counts)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wget<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
download a web page from a website
e.g. wget
(download webpage from above url)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
wget -c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
download a web page from a website
e.g. wget \u2013c http:\/\/www.examp.com
(-c: continue download previous web)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
whatis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show manual page of a command
e.g. whatis ping
(show manual page of ping)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
whereis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
locate source, man for a command
e.g. whereis ls
(show source, man locations of ls)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
which<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show path of a executable command
e.g. which ftp
(show the full path of ftp command)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
who<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show who currently logged in
e.g. who
(list all logged-in users, date, time\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
who -a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
list all users currently logged in
e.g. who -a
(-a: all information)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
whoami<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show the current user\u2019s login name
e.g. whoami
(show your own user name)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
whois<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show domain owner\u2019s information
e.g. whois xvqizx.com
(list xvqizx.com owner\u2019s information)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
write<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
write a message to another user
e.g. write username
(then write your message\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
xargs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
execute a command with arguments
e.g. find -name ” a.<\/em> ” | xargs rm
(find files named a.<\/em>, remove them)<\/p>\n\n\n\nxcalc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
launch a graphical calculator
e.g. xcalc
(open a scientific calculator)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
xclock<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
launch graphical clock
e.g. xclock -digital
(-digital: specify a digital clock)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
output a string repeatedly until killed
e.g. yes \u201chello\u201d
(output hello repeatedly until killed)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
yum<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
rpm-based package manager
e.g. yum install update
(install a package named “update”)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
zcat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
output compressed text
e.g. zcat myfiles.txt.gz | less
(uncompress file and show contents)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
zless<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show un\/compressed file contents
e.g. zless myfile.txt.gz
(zless: show contents by page)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
zmore<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
show un\/compressed file contents
e.g. zmore myfile.txt.gz
(zmore: show contents by screen)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
zip<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
compress files to zip format
e.g. zip documents *
(create documents.zip for all files)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
unzip<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
uncompress files from zip format
e.g. unzip myfile.zip
(uncompress myfile.zip.)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Here in this article, you will find the important Linux commands you should know in the Linux Operating System What […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7407,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7327","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tech"],"yoast_head":"\n
290 Linux commands | All Essential Linux Commands in 2021<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The operating system is what allows the software to talk to the hardware. The essential Linux commands. sudo -u, fsck *, dhclient\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/linux-commands\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"290 Linux commands | All Essential Linux Commands in 2021\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The operating system is what allows the software to talk to the hardware. 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![\"linux](\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/df_command_example.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"linux](\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-21-1024x563.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n![\"linux](\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/img_5cc898db4e3d3-1024x473.png\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n