{"id":11410,"date":"2023-11-04T19:25:46","date_gmt":"2023-11-04T19:25:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/?p=11410"},"modified":"2023-11-04T21:21:32","modified_gmt":"2023-11-04T21:21:32","slug":"how-to-upgrade-mariadb-on-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/how-to-upgrade-mariadb-on-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Upgrade MariaDB on Linux (AlmaLinux)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/How-to-Upgrade-MariaDB-on-Linux-1024x576.png\" alt=\"How to Upgrade MariaDB on Linux\" class=\"wp-image-11761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/How-to-Upgrade-MariaDB-on-Linux-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/How-to-Upgrade-MariaDB-on-Linux-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/How-to-Upgrade-MariaDB-on-Linux-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/How-to-Upgrade-MariaDB-on-Linux-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/How-to-Upgrade-MariaDB-on-Linux-2048x1152.png 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How to Upgrade MariaDB on Linux. A well-known open-source relational database is MariaDB. MariaDB was developed by the same programmers who worked on MySQL and made a commitment to keep it open source. Most cloud services include it, and most Linux distributions use it as the default. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is based on the ideas of performance, stability, and openness. The MariaDB Foundation further promises that contributions will be accepted on the basis of technical merit. You can be sure you&#8217;re using the database platform&#8217;s top features by regularly updating MariaDB versions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With each successive MariaDB version, numerous new features and enhancements have been made. You must upgrade MariaDB to the most recent supported versions to get important security upgrades and prevent difficulties with other programs. Maintaining MariaDB&#8217;s updates will give you access to new features, greater security, and improved performance, among other advantages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conditions Before MariaDB Upgrades<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Operating System &amp; Version: For this tutorial, the OS must be AlmaLinux OS 8.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Repository &amp; Version: a version of MariaDB besides the most recent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Administrative rights on Linux: Use the sudo command as root or as a user with administrative rights to log into the AlmaLinux 8 system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">AlmaLinux MariaDB upgrade<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1: Verify the versions of MariaDB and AlmaLinux<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following commands can be used to determine MariaDB and AlmaLinux&#8217;s current versions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# mysql -V<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>~]# cat \/etc\/redhat-release<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[root@nouf ~]# mysql -V\nmysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.5.21-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1\n[root@nouf ~]# cat \/etc\/redhat-release \nAlmaLinux release 8.8 (Sapphire Caracal)\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2: Next, create a database backup.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A backup or dump of the current databases and database configuration file must be made prior to initiating a MariaDB update.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Make use of the following command to dump the database:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# mysqldump &#8211;all-databases &gt; \/tmp\/all-database-backup.sql<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the following command to move the database directory into a different folder:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# cp -a \/var\/lib\/mysql \/var\/lib\/mysql_oldbackup<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the next command to backup the configuration file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# cp -a \/etc\/my.cnf \/etc\/my.cnf_oldbackup<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Keep in mind that if the file is present, you should also back up the contents of \/etc\/my.cnf.d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3: Disconnect the existing MariaDB repository<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remove the older MariaDB repositories before installing the most recent version. The MariaDB service can be stopped by using the command shown below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# systemctl stop mariadb<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the following command to verify MariaDB&#8217;s present status:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# systemctl status mariadb<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the following command to rename or relocate the currently selected repository file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# mv \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/mariadb.repo \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/mariadb.repo_oldbackup<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 4: Include a New MariaDB Repository (or &#8220;Repo&#8221;)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All the packages need to be updated before you can create a new MariaDB repository. To update all the packages, run the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# sudo dnf update -y<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the most recent MariaDB version, you can now make a new repository file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>~]# vi \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/mariadb.repo<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Then, include the following information in the file \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/mariadb.repo and save it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[mariadb]\nname = MariaDB\nbaseurl = http:\/\/yum.mariadb.org\/10.5\/rhel8-amd64\nmodule_hotfixes=1\ngpgkey=https:\/\/yum.mariadb.org\/RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB\ngpgcheck=1\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 5: Remove the previous MariaDB version<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the help of the following command, you can remove the previous version of MariaDB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>~]# sudo dnf remove MariaDB-server -y<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the following command to clear your server&#8217;s repository cache:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# sudo dnf clean all<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 6: Install the most recent version of MariaDB.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You are now prepared to update MariaDB. Utilize the following command to install the most recent version of MariaDB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# sudo dnf install MariaDB-server -y<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[root@nouf ~]# sudo dnf install MariaDB-server -y\nAlmaLinux 8 &#8211; BaseOS                                                                                                                     6.0 MB\/s | 4.0 MB     00:00   \nAlmaLinux 8 &#8211; AppStream                                                                                                                   16 MB\/s |  11 MB     00:00    \nAlmaLinux 8 &#8211; Extras                                                                                                                      32 kB\/s |  18 kB     00:00    \nMariaDB                                                                                                                                  1.0 MB\/s | 620 kB     00:00    \nDependencies resolved.\n=========================================================================================================================================================================\n Package                                          Architecture                      Version                                   Repository                            Size\n=========================================================================================================================================================================\nInstalling:\n MariaDB-server                                   x86_64                            10.10.5-1.el8                             mariadb                               27 M\n\n\u2014-\n\u2014-\n\nInstalled:\n  MariaDB-server-10.10.5-1.el8.x86_64  boost-program-options-1.66.0-13.el8.x86_64  galera-4-26.4.14-1.el8.x86_64  libpmem-1.6.1-1.el8.x86_64  lsof-4.93.2-1.el8.x86_64 \n  socat-1.7.4.1-1.el8.x86_64          \n\nComplete!\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the following command to install the most popular MariaDB packages as part of the overall MariaDB upgrade:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# sudo dnf install galera-4 MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared MariaDB-backup MariaDB-common -y<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 7: Launch MariaDB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Using the following command, the MariaDB service can be started:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>~]# sudo systemctl start mariadb<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 8: Configure MariaDB to Launch Upon Boot<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Use the following command to instruct MariaDB to launch when the system boots:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>~]# sudo systemctl enable mariadb<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[root@nouf ~]# sudo systemctl enable mariadb \nCreated symlink \/etc\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target.wants\/mariadb.service \u2192 \/usr\/lib\/systemd\/system\/mariadb.service.\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 9: Update MariaDB<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Make advantage of the following command to upgrade MariaDB:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>~]# mysql_upgrade<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[root@nouf ~]# mysql_upgrade \nMajor version upgrade detected from 10.5.21-MariaDB to 10.10.5-MariaDB. Check required!\nPhase 1\/7: Checking and upgrading mysql database\nProcessing databases\nmysql\nmysql.column_stats                                 OK\nmysql.columns_priv                                 OK\nmysql.db                                           OK\nmysql.event                                        OK\nmysql.func                                         OK\nmysql.gtid_slave_pos                               OK\nmysql.help_category                                OK\nmysql.help_keyword                                 OK\nmysql.help_relation                                OK\nmysql.help_topic                                   OK\nmysql.host                                         OK\nmysql.index_stats                                  OK\nmysql.innodb_index_stats                           OK\nmysql.innodb_table_stats                           OK\nmysql.plugin                                       OK\nmysql.proc                                         OK\nmysql.procs_priv                                   OK\nmysql.proxies_priv                                 OK\nmysql.roles_mapping                                OK\nmysql.servers                                      OK\nmysql.table_stats                                  OK\nmysql.tables_priv                                  OK\nmysql.time_zone                                    OK\nmysql.time_zone_leap_second                        OK\nmysql.time_zone_name                               OK\nmysql.time_zone_transition                         OK\nmysql.time_zone_transition_type                    OK\nmysql.transaction_registry                         OK\nmysql.user                                         OK\nPhase 2\/7: Installing used storage engines&#8230; Skipped\nPhase 3\/7: Fixing views\nPhase 4\/7: Running &#8216;mysql_fix_privilege_tables&#8217;\nPhase 5\/7: Fixing table and database names\nPhase 6\/7: Checking and upgrading tables\nProcessing databases\ninformation_schema\nperformance_schema\nPhase 7\/7: Running &#8216;FLUSH PRIVILEGES&#8217;\nOK\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 10: Check the Most Recent MariaDB Version.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To check and confirm the MariaDB version that is presently installed, use the command line:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>~]# mysql -V<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[root@nouf ~]# mysql -V\nmysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.10.5-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1\n[root@nouf ~]#\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Congratulations on finishing the MariaDB upgrade successfully!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">MariaDB database security<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On AlmaLinux 8, the most recent version of MariaDB has been installed. The MariaDB Database can now be secured by using the command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em><strong>~]# sudo mysql_secure_installation<\/strong><\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the result:<\/p>\n\n\n\n[root@nouf ~]# sudo mysql_secure_installation\n\nNOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB\n      SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE!  PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY!\n\nIn order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we&#8217;ll need the current\npassword for the root user.  If you&#8217;ve just installed MariaDB, and\nyou haven&#8217;t set the root password yet, the password will be blank,\nso you should just press enter here.\n\nEnter current password for root (enter for none): \nOK, successfully used password, moving on&#8230;\n\nSetting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB\nroot user without the proper authorisation.\n\nSet root password? [Y\/n] Y\nNew password: \nRe-enter new password: \nPassword updated successfully!\nReloading privilege tables..\n &#8230; Success!\n\n\nBy default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone\nto log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for\nthem.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation\ngo a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a\nproduction environment.\n\nRemove anonymous users? [Y\/n] Y\n &#8230; Success!\n\nNormally, root should only be allowed to connect from &#8216;localhost&#8217;.  This\nensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.\n\nDisallow root login remotely? [Y\/n] Y\n &#8230; Success!\n\nBy default, MariaDB comes with a database named &#8216;test&#8217; that anyone can\naccess.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed\nbefore moving into a production environment.\n\nRemove test database and access to it? [Y\/n] Y\n &#8211; Dropping test database&#8230;\n &#8230; Success!\n &#8211; Removing privileges on test database&#8230;\n &#8230; Success!\n\nReloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far\nwill take effect immediately.\n\nReload privilege tables now? [Y\/n] Y\n &#8230; Success!\n\nCleaning up&#8230;\n\nAll done!  If you&#8217;ve completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB\ninstallation should now be secure.\n\nThanks for using MariaDB!\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Learn more about the key distinctions between MySQL and MariaDB in our knowledge base and blog online resources if you wish to switch from MySQL to MariaDB. Once you have installed MariaDB, you will occasionally need to upgrade MariaDB in order to make use of the newest features.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now that you know how to upgrade MariaDB on AlmaLinux, you can proceed. Additionally addressed were the steps for creating a backup, removing the old version, and securing MariaDB following an upgrade. A great MySQL substitute is MariaDB, which hosts databases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/when-should-i-upgrade-my-server\/\">When Should Your Server Be Upgraded?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/how-to-install-arch-linux\/\">An Arch Linux installation guide for Linux lovers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Also Read: <a href=\"https:\/\/realjossy.com\/blog\/how-to-setup-jenkins-on-linux-alma\/\">How to Setup Jenkins on Linux Alma<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to Upgrade MariaDB on Linux. A well-known open-source relational database is MariaDB. MariaDB was developed by the same programmers [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":11761,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[7,9,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11410","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recommended","category-tech","category-web-hosting"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Upgrade MariaDB on Linux (AlmaLinux)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to Upgrade MariaDB on Linux | The following commands can be used to 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